High energy storage density and discharging efficiency in La3+/Nb5+-co-substituted (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 ceramics

In this work, [(Bi_1-xLa_x)_0.5Na_0.5]_0.94Ba_0.06(Ti_1-5y/4Nb_y)O₃ ceramics have been developed by the dual-substitution of La³⁺ for Bi³⁺ and Nb⁵⁺ for Ti⁴⁺ and prepared by an ordinary sintering technique. All ceramics can be well-sintered at 1200 °C. The addition of La³⁺ and Nb⁵⁺ reduces the grain size and improve the dielectric breakdown strength of the ceramics; moreover, after the introduction of La³⁺ and Nb⁵⁺, the remanent polarization of the ceramics is significantly reduced, while the maximum polarization remains the same large value as that of the ceramic without the doping of La³⁺ and Nb⁵⁺. As a result, high energy storage density and discharge efficiency are achieved at x/y = 0.07/0.02, giving the large storage density of 1.83 J/cm³ and high discharging efficiency of 70%. The present work presents a feasible strategy to develop energy storage materials based on perovskite ferroelectrics by the partial substitutions in the A and B sites.     

Double polarization hysteresis and dramatic influence of small compositional variations on the electrical properties in Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics

This work reports the existence of double polarization hysteresis (P–E) loop in Aurivillius-phase ferroelectric Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ (BiT) and reveals dramatic influence of small compositional variations on the electrical properties of it. The double polarization hysteresis is a characteristic of the interaction of defects with domain walls. This characteristic becomes more pronounced in Bi-deficient and Mg-doped BiT due to an increase in oxygen vacancy concentration at the lattices. Normal and saturated P–E loop is recalled by Nb donor doping, and associated composition Bi₄Ti_2.97Nb_0.03O_12.015 (BiT-0.03Nb) shows high remnant polarization (P_r = 12.5 μC/cm²) and large field-induced strain (S₃₃ = 5.6 × 10^?4). In addition, this doping results in bulk conductivity (σ_b) of BiT decreasing dramatically and associated activity energy (E_a) increasing significantly. In contrast, high oxide ion conductivity is induced with Mg²⁺ acceptor doping, and at 600 °C the optimum composition has ionic conductivity of ?0.65 × 10^?2 S cm^?1 in the bulk.     

Designing novel sodium bismuth titanate lead-free incipient perovskite for piezoactuator applications

Bismuth-based lead-free incipient piezoceramics have potential in piezoactuators owing to their large strain response. However, a substantial strain hysteresis and poor temperature/frequency stability heavily restrict their practical applications. Herein, we designed a compositional inhomogeneity and constructed quenched random fields to enhance the relaxor dynamics by introducing a classical relaxor material, Ba(Zr_0.2Ti_0.8)O₃, into a nonergodic material, (Na_0.5Bi_0.5)TiO₃–0.15SrTiO₃. Intriguingly, we obtained a large piezoelectric coefficient of 602 pm/V and a narrow hysteresis of 32% at the x = 0.04 (BZT4) composition. The strain properties present a robust frequency (~2%, 1-20 Hz) and temperature stability (~13%, 25-150°C). The excellent actuating properties of BZT4 were due to a field-induced reversible ergodic relaxor-ferroelectric transformation, and the narrow hysteresis can be attributed to quick switching of the dynamic relaxor phase to external stimuli. The origin of the structural transition and salient strain performance was systematically investigated. This study provides a novel route for designing lead-free incipient perovskite with a large strain, narrow hysteresis and high stability for eco-friendly actuators.     

Complex structural contribution of the morphotropic phase boundary in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 - CaTiO3 system

The correlation between structure and dielectric properties of lead-free (1-x)Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ - xCaTiO₃ ((1-x)NBT - xCT) polycrystalline ceramics was investigated systematically by X-ray diffraction, combined with impedance spectroscopy for dielectric characterizations. The system shows high miscibility in the entire composition range. A morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), at 0.09?≤?x?<?0.15 was identified where rhombohedral and orthorhombic symmetries coexist at room temperature. The fraction of orthorhombic phase increases gradually with x in the MPB region. Dielectric measurements reveal that the relative permittivity increase with addition of Ca²⁺. This behavior is unusual with this kind of doping. A thermal hysteresis occurred only in the MPB composition which varies in a non-monotonically manner with x, detected by dielectric properties. This phenomenon is related to the crystalline microstructure by a linear relationship between the fraction of each phase and dielectric properties, and, more precisely, to the strong interaction between rhombohedral and orthorhombic phases.     

Multiscale study of ferroelectric–relaxor crossover in BaSnxTi1−xO3 ceramics

A systematic study of BaSn_xTi_1−xO₃ solid solutions (x = 0–0.20) by a combined field-induced dielectric and ferroelectric analysis with Raman and PFM investigations was realized, in order to obtain new insights concerning the composition-induced modification of the structural phase transitions and ferroelectric–relaxor crossover induced by the increase of Sn addition. The ceramics prepared via solid state reaction and sintering at 1400 °C/4 h showed average tetragonal symmetry for x ≤ 0.15 and cubic for x = 0.20. However, the dielectric and Raman analysis demonstrated that x = 0.05 and x = 0.15 are characterized by a coexistence of phases, which enhances their macroscopic properties (polarization for x = 0.05 and permittivity for x = 0.15). The domain structure shows a gradual modification when increasing Sn addition. No detectable domain structure has been found for x ≥ 0.15. All the compositions show local d₃₃(V) hysteresis loops at room temperature.     

考虑变形及滞回效应影响的三维土-水特征曲面模型

为研究变形和滞回效应对非饱和土水-力耦合特性的影响,以边界面理论为基础,建立一个同时考虑变形及滞回效应影响的三维非饱和土土-水特征曲面模型,所建立模型可完整地描述非饱和土的水-力耦合特性。提出的本构方程以吸力和孔隙比为自变量,以饱和度为因变量,建立三维土-水特征曲面模型,通过编程实现了本模型的预测功能。通过程序的预测结果与一系列不同应力和水力路径下的试验结果进行对比,在饱和度-吸力/孔隙比二维平面及饱和度-吸力-孔隙比三维空间中,均验证了所建立模型的适用性及预测精度。     

Equivalent linear model for fully self‐centering earthquake‐resisting systems

Modern rocking and stepping cores have been known as the efficient self‐centering earthquake‐resisting systems (SC‐ERSs). The current article proposes an approximate equivalent linear (EL) model for rapid estimation of the SC‐ERS displacement. An equivalent damping ratio and effective stiffness are formulated for flag‐shaped hysteresis of a fully SC‐ERS. The approximate EL model is first established using secant stiffness and Jacobsen's damping model. Nonlinear response history analyses are carried out to compare exact and approximated peak displacements. Findings reveal that EL analysis of the SC‐ERS based on Jacobsen's damping leads to underestimation of the maximum inelastic displacement. Accordingly, a new optimal damping formula is proposed using a genetic algorithm and nonlinear regression analyses. The improved EL model is validated by practical examples, and the results show acceptable accuracy in design‐level displacement estimation.     

薄钢板剪力墙抗震性能有限元分析

利用ADINA分析程序,在单层结构分析的基础上建立非线性有限元多层结构滞回分析模型,具体分析反复加载下薄钢板剪力墙构件的受力破坏特征及抗震性能,探讨在地震区使用薄钢板剪力墙多层结构的可行性。模型计算结果表明:对于钢筋混凝土框架多层结构,当设计的钢板长细比适宜时,在框架内填充钢板组成的薄钢板剪力墙,可显著提高结构的刚度、承载力,同时也具有较好的延性及耗能性能,对工程应用具有重要的参考价值。     

整浇梁板的冷弯薄壁型钢-混凝土组合节点滞回性能研究

结合某试点工程的要求 ,进行了整浇梁板的冷弯薄壁型钢与混凝土组合节点的足尺模型拟静力试验研究。分析研究了低周循环荷载下节点与楼板共同工作中的剪切滞后现象 ,并提出设计建议。